Recently in geography is or is not destiny. discuss. Category

Moving, always moving

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In the United States a man builds a house in which to spend his old age, and he sells it before the roof is on; he plants a garden and lets it just as the trees are coming into bearing; he brings a field into tillage and leaves other men to gather the crops; he embraces a profession and gives it up; he settles in a place, which he soon afterwards leaves to carry his changeable longings elsewhere.
- Alexis de Toqueville, quoted in Bourgeois Nightmares: Suburbia, 1870-1930 by Robert Fogelson. The chapter, by the by, is called "Fears of Almost Everyone and Everything."

Changeable longings is a beautiful phrase, isn't it? It describes just how I feel right now: in the mood to go somewhere else, but I'm not sure where.

Thanks to Ame for finally prodding me to upload the slides for this talk. I gave it at the Mobile Persuasion conference at Stanford a few months ago, but school and wedding preparations got in the way of blogging or uploading it. The gist: self-presentation and social communication practices have changed around the world after the influx of digital photography devices - especially camera phones. Mixed with photosharing communities like Flickr, this makes photography ever more mobile, crossing social groups, national borders, and linguistic boundaries. But this new mobility of images has multiple meanings, especially for countries like the United Arab Emirates that are debating how far the globalization of culture should go.

Tourism services

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Ooops. Forgot to publish this when it happened...better late than never, I suppose. Forgive the slideshow errors -- the conversion from my non-standard fonts did not go smoothly.

I'm at the iSchool Information Services and Design Symposium, where I just spoke on "designing for destinations."

The argument, in a nutshell (or an abstract):


Tourism exists in the interplay between places and stories. In making sense of travel, we're also making sense of ourselves and the world around us. Indeed, the global tourist industry produces places as "destinations" through stories and souvenirs. The audience for tourism stories has changed greatly with changes in technologies of communication and representation, with one of the most radical changes the introduction of networked media. With the rise of web-based services, tourist experiences have acquired a digital penumbra of content available in ever more formats and locations. This paper examines these technological changes, and the potential consequences for digital storytelling, travel, and the production of destinations.

This is an attempt to look closely at dimensions of what John Urry has called http://www.intute.ac.uk/socialsciences/cgi-bin/fullrecord.pl?handle=30130489">"the tourist gaze"

Slideshow:

At Where 2.0

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Some very sketchy notes follow in the extended entry. My more coherent take on Where 2.0 will come later, probably after I recover from the 4th of July.

Vanessa without borders

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Vanessa Without Borders is the blog of Vanessa, a self-described hipster who has just moved to Sierra Leone to work with an NGO

After 8 years of living the hipster lifestyle in what I've come to think of as the center of the universe, New York City, and working in various media and for various social causes, I have decided to leave the slickness, irony, and most of my accessories behind.

Her website is both a blog of her time there and a clearinghouse for communication between Sierra Leonians and Americans. My favorite section is the Personals, where Vanessa uses the Nerve dating format to quiz both her fellow American and British aid workers and the Sierra Leonians about their lives.

Long distance, pt II

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FYI: That last entry was partially brought to you by the work of Saskia Sassen:

Hypermobility and space/time compression need to be produced, and this requires vast concentrations of very material and not so mobile facilities and infrastructures. And they need to be managed and serviced, and this requires mostly place-bound labor markets for talent and for low-wage workers. The global city is emblematic here, with its vast concentrations of hypermobile dematerialized financial instruments and the enormous concentrations of material and place-bound resources that it takes to have the former circulating around the globe in a second.

What's with the 511?

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I just had (okay -- it was two weeks ago, but it took me a while to recover) an unusually bad encounter with, sadly, the very well-intentioned and usually helpful Bay Area public transit trip planner. Getting from my house in the Mission District to the lab in Palo Alto (26 miles or so away) requires three forms of public transportation: subway to light rail to bus. The online trip planner, as you can imagine, is absolutely essential in coordinating all these transfers. On a good day, the trip takes 1.5 hours. On a bad day, as happened last week, I miss my usual train, take the next one, and then spend 45 minutes waiting at the Palo Alto bus stop to take a ten minute ride from the station to the lab.

Just to clear this up - I spent just as much time getting from Millbrae (in the south of San Francisco) to California Avenue (in south Palo Alto) as I did waiting at that goddamn bus stop. And as I sat there, waiting for the bus, I thought about that web page, and thought about how the little schedule spat out by the trip planner hadn't differentiated between "waiting time" and "travelling time." Nor had it offered any easy way to minimize waiting by adjusting the time or origin of my trip. Oh, I fumed and I fumed. Would it have been so hard to put the "waiting time" in a different color, even?

Then there's the lack of transparency. Over the past few months in SF, the trip planner has given three different sets of directions from the same origin to three nearby destinations. I like to believe that the system is adapting to changing traffic conditions. Or bus delays that I don't know about. However, without any insight into the algorithms behind the schedule I'm given, I'm forced to assume that the system is just trying to be funny.

This type of transportation problem - travel at a fixed time between a fairly specific origin and destination - gets solved neatly and efficiently when I buy plane tickets (including up to 4 separate hops on multiple carriers!), yet stubbornly resists solution at the municipal scale. Yes, of course: there's a lack of money, time, and interest. But I also want to point to another difficulty: the sheer complexity of the metropolitan environment. The global network of airports is a self-contained system, built to process people quickly and/or amuse them while they wait. They minimize the unpredictable. Cities (even ones with shiny new railway terminals) are exactly the opposite and do nothing of the sort. When I think about the giant mixup that is the Bay Area's buses, subways, trolleys, light rail, bicycles, and automobile traffice, I'm almost amazed that trip planners work at all.

Nevertheless, the website (which is not potentially stuck in a traffic jam and thus about to miss its transfer) could use some more color-coding.

My life as a "nomad"

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Almost exactly one year ago, I gave up my no-longer-quite-so-beloved apartment in the Lower East Side to move (temporarily, I thought) to San Francisco. Five months later I still hadn’t returned to take up my life in New York; twelve months later, I’m pretty sure I’m not going back. The intervening months have been a bit of a blur: Seattle, then Portland, then Oklahoma, then Los Angeles, then New York, then San Francisco. Again. For a summer, at least. FYI: I will be working here. Very exciting.

I think I might qualify as a nomad; it’s an overused term. I met this guy in Portland who "doesn't do winter"; he spends half the year in Australia and half the year in Europe/America. He never keeps a permanent address either; he's always in sublets and having his mail sent on to the next stop. Now, that's a nomad; I'd rather just call myself "temporarily dislocated."

Things I discovered about me and my relationship to the technologies that support my life:

I. As homes go, a laptop isn’t a bad one.

Using Craigslist, I rented sight unseen a studio in New York from February to May. It was on the first floor of a relatively nice street in the West Village, so I thought: “Hey, I’m living the lush life now.” I arrived to find a non-functional lock on the front door, a front window without any lock or bars at all, a large front window with a curtainrod that mysteriously refused to stay up, and a steam heater that was...inconsistent. So for the first few days and nights, I was cold, constantly calculating the likelihood of robbery, and totally visible to any enquiring minds walking past. My only consolation was my laptop, which provided warmth (courtesy of the PowerBook battery, which runs hot), light (courtesy of the little glowing screen) and companionship (courtesy of email and IM). And the cell phone was good too. I huddled under the blankets, curled myself around its warm silver skin, and tried to remember why I’d wanted to leave Los Angeles.

II. Put not your faith in laptops

The computer-as-home model, I think, works best when you have other support systems already in place. When my computer started stumbling a month later, I tried to pretend the constant freezes weren’t happening. I was in the middle of a major project, and could not imagine coping without her (yes, she’s a she) for two whole weeks while the Apple techs ripped her guts out. So I soldiered on for another month. Things got worse. First she froze every hour, then she froze every 15 minutes, then she froze every 15 minutes and refused to start up again without a two-hour long break. Which, yes: was not so good for that major project. I had her all backed up to disk, but I couldn’t face renting another machine for two...whole...weeks. The expense! The inconvenience! In retrospect, I think I just couldn’t deal with the consequences of even temporarily losing the only continuity I had... (I don’t want to push this analogy too far, but when I signed the release authorizing Apple to wipe the hard drive if necessary, I felt like I was signing a do-not-resuscitate agreement. Very painful.)

III. Put not your faith in WiFi, unless you have an indepth knowledge of the neighborhood

In London: no open access points to be found. In New York: at least three A.P.s within range of my apartment, with one offering consistently fantastic bandwidth. But no open points near my favorite cafe, oh no. I assume that's because everyone who lives around there knows full well the slackers in the cafe are using their broadband to download music. I send my thanks to the unknown person who provided my connectivity for 2.5 months. I’d have PayPalled some money each month to help out with the broadband bill, but hey...there was no way to work out who it was. Sorry about that.

IV. Your friends and family actually do need to know where you are

If not for their own peace of mind, then just for their own ability to forward your phone bills to the correct address (Yes, this actually happened. Very embarrassing, especially as I mostly deal with all this stuff online.) Also, your friends will not be able to invite you out for a drink if they don’t know what city you’re in. Remember that. Having to explicitly tell people where I was at all times came as a mild shock. I had figured that being constantly reachable through mobile phone/email would be enough. It’s not. Even though I find it a little egotistical to send out a mass emailing every six weeks updating my location information, at least people in my vicinity know to ask me out for lunch. I’m going to be in SF for long enough that I can’t really be bothered, but I think an RSS feed for my location would have solved the problem nicely. That way, I wouldn’t have had to bother anyone and people wouldn’t have to keep checking the blog. (If you’re actually the sort of person who asks me out for drinks, and you do check confectious to see whether I’m in town...Thanks. I’ll get the next round.)

V. It’s amazing how few clothes you need...and how many gadgets

Admittedly, I borrowed a winter coat the night before I left Los Angeles for New York. But there’s no option but to haul around the hard drive, and camera, and the attendant power supplies and data cords, and maybe a mouse. Shocking how bulky that stuff is when you actually start hauling it through airports in a suitcase. The hard drive especially. What I missed most, actually, was a printer. Driving directions. Flight information. Presentation revisions. Budgets. Schedules. Work contracts and health insurance applications and reimbursement slips that require paper copies and signatures. Faxing, for crying out loud. Faxing!

VI. Without ready access to paper, putting your trust in bits takes a lot of trust

So I had to get health insurance, as my university finally bumped me off its rolls. And since I didn’t have a printer/scanner/fax machine handy, I wanted to do it all online. But here’s the catch: buying health insurance in the US involves giving away lots of sensitive, sensitive personal data. How am I supposed to know whether the “registered California health care broker” I went with wasn’t some shady front? How much do I really trust the authorities who granted those authentication certifications, and how bad would it be if I got burned? And do I really feel okay about sending all this stuff out over an unencrypted WiFi connection? (FYI: It was fine. But I spent a week wondering whether I’d just made a colossal mistake out of a desire to avoid spending two hours and $30 on the local Internet café’s fax machine and printer.) I started thinking a lot then about the potential business for privacy brokers — people/systems who would just manage the access to my personal data for me, because I honestly don’t have the expertise (or the time) to do it myself. That’s why stock brokers exist, right?

VII. I am now a helpless cellphone zombie

Since all my collaborators are in different cities/neighborhoods/timezones and they don’t always know where I am, I’ve become one of those jerks who walk around, dead to the world around them, talking loudly and insistently on the phone at all hours of the day or night. I once got caught by someone from ITP yelling about server problems in front of the Barnes and Noble at Astor Place. Which sort of reminded me that the world may be my cubicle...but it's not everyone else's. Once I got used to being always reachable and always...reaching, I found it very difficult to walk around the city without an invisible companion. I’m trying to ramp down my cellphone consumption a bit (the bills are exorbitant), but now I almost feel...lonely if I’m on the street without a voice in my ear. Can you hear me? I’m driving home now...where are you? Oh, I know that place. I’ve been there before How much time did I spend during all this wandering talking about the places where I had once been and where my friends now were?

’I know this may sound far-fetched,’ I said to Elizabeth Vrba, ‘but what if I were asked, “What is the big brain for”?, I would be tempted to say, “For singing our way through the wilderness.”’ – Bruce Chatwin, The Songlines

Cellspotting

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spacenamespace made an implicit challenge to developers:

phone with WAP browser would count as a 'location-aware device'; standard services allow you to locate nearby pubs; in urban areas, the few hundred metres accuracy available per cell ID suffices for this, in a blunt-instrument way. but the device-location mapping isn't open or free; available for re-sale, for bootstrapping commercial services.

...and Cellspotting.com answers it:

“CellSpotting.com" is a global location based service for mobile (GSM and soon UMTS) users.

Use CellSpotting to find information for the place you are at!, and even better you can help and give information to others about places you know! CellSpotting is a Collaborate Location Based service built by its users. [...]

- Find the name and location information about a place you are at.
- Track your Cellspotting friends, You can find the whereabout of your friends.
- Find the distance and direction to spotted cells!

The applications Cellspotting proposes are pretty mundane: tourist information, local interest groups, maybe a “jazz clubs near me” and other types of categorized services. And there's no discussion of ownership of content and/or the social ramifications of using collaboratively generated, potentially inaccurate, kind-of-spotty location data to lookup your friends and loved ones. But it's interesting how accepting uncertain, incomplete, and potentially flawed data from a whole lot of people might enable "good enough" location-finding in the public domain. The problem is recruiting enough sources -- and how open Cellspotting is to letting outside developers use their database.

Coverage of the US is unsuprisingly poor, but the scope of the project -- spanning carriers and continents -- is impressive, especially given that the client only runs on Nokia Series 60 phones.

via Veen

Thar's booty in them there streets

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Like Minnesotans, people in Japan do appear to have more mobile fun, as evidenced by Mogi, a game where:

Players move outside, pick up virtual items through their mobile phone interface then trade with other players to complete collections. The goal is to get the maximum points completing collections.

Paul Baron has a good explanation of what makes this game so interesting:


- It uses the GPS in my phone, and that's so cool.
- It maps a virtual data layer onto Japan and brings a fresh new way to look at my map of Tokyo.
- All the trips I make in the city are now randomized, as I will often divert a few hundred meters to go and collect an object around me. I get a chance to discover parts of the city that I ignored, a motivation to check out that parallel street I never took.
- It has a community dimension to it, I chat with other players, I also know how far I am from them and finding out some are less than a few hundred meters to me is really exciting. Over the past month, I bumped into a player who turned out to be the creator of the game, I had to race to pick up a flag that had been put on the map at equal distance between me and another player to encourage us to meet.
- The web interface of the game is pretty impressive, with nationwide 3D map with cool visual effects, detailing where all the objects are, along with special items and shops.
- The game offers a few different scenarii to accumulate points, for instance you can pick up scrolls along the way, which when activated in those shops can produce new objects.

Paul Baron is an expat Brit in Tokyo. Mike Liebhold posted a link to his blog on geowanking....and here we are.

Mogi is moving towards Matt Walsh's plan for a MM(offline)RPG played by people on city streets. I always had a soft spot for the idea of joining together with fellow guild members to slay a dragon underneath Times Square. Just imagine the kind of carnage we could create in the Meatpacking District.

intersections of the day

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Intersections, crosswalks, street corners, and destinations: it was one of those mornings with a lot of correspondances.

A locative space looks then like an intersection, a space defined by community, place, interests and tasks, a hybrid of digital media, the dimension of place, and physical reality. from the (increasingly fascinating) Locative Network blog

tactile crossing guard: The small, grooved rotating devices are being attached to the underside of push-button panels at pelican crossings.[...] When they spin in the hands of blind or partially sighted pedestrians, it is safe to cross. via BBJ

Liminal spaces are the spaces in between, thresholds or transitions from one state or space to another. Also boundaries, beginnings, becomings, and similar forms of cultural transition. via plsj

10 most dangerous intersections and photos, ranked by an insurance company (and why can't I get this kind of info as a warning signal from my car?)

We are trained to be in relation to the goal, to live in absent time. Joseph Chaiken

...and this intersected photo from glowlab's fotolog.

Oh, and

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...I will be in San Diego next week being, um, "Socially Mobile".

Hecklers welcome.

Social landscapes

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Nalini recommended that I read a book called Social Landscapes, but she couldn't remember the author's name. As usual, the Internet doesn't disappoint.

Social Landscape Photography Gerald Davey
Social landscape photography expresses a distinctly personal vision, typically within everyday human environments.

Picturing the Social Landscape: Visual Methods in the Sociological Imagination, by Caroline Knowles and Paul Sweetman
In this collection an international range of experts explain how they have used visual methods in their own research...Contributors explore the following ideas: Self and identity; visualizing domestic space; visualizing urban landscapes; and visualizing social change. Methods covered include photo and video diaries, juxtaposing official and unofficial views, using images as triggers in interview work, working with children through photographs, and combining visual methods with interviews and text based research.

visualdiaries: the social landscape rich-joseph facun
"from rome, virgina, ohio, to new york i have walked and this is what i see," says facun.
the following images are a selection of these observations; a view of urban scenery as seen from a single point.

  
The New Geography: How the Digital Revolution Is Reshaping the American Landscape by Joel Kotkin
Like the postindustrial metropolis, the preindustrial city, existing before the era dominated by mass production of goods and services, flourished by capitalizing on functions--such as cross-cultural trades, the arts, and specialized craft-based production--that could not be adequately performed by the far more numerically superior hinterland.

New Mobilities

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Keynote: New Mobilities
John Urry

new mobilities paradigm

vs. sedentarist, nomadic, and placeless theories

rise of travel


  • people live and work and play at greater and greater distances
  • social networks are less coherent, with fewer overlapping multiple affiliations (Watts, Granovetter, etc)
  • people have more contacts, but more time is spent maintaining them
  • meetingness: yet physical contact (meeting up) is still seen as necessary and desirable (Boden)
  • obligatory travel: object obligations (to use/manipulate physical obs), meeting obligations, obligations to certain places of leisure, event obligations, family obligations
  • new category: “mobility deprivation” for social exclusion/poverty
  • the rise of the networked family
  • what is the “good life” in terms of mobility?




Q: (Genevieve B) Mobility through religion?

A: Yes, especially the kind of religious mobility that produces daily urban rhythms (like the call to prayer, Friday mass, etc)

GPS in USA

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Track Nextel GPS-enabled mobile phones in the US.

How it works.

...and the free service.

Off a post in the informative Urban Tapestries feedback blog (which is good and refreshing reading for anyone considering a public trial of new mobile technology), I discovered Simon Pope's location-based media blog. Pope, who did some evocative "site specific" (in a truthful and nonliteral sense) work for the Venice Bienniale, has recently decided to take a closer look at location-based technology. Hence the blog.

A favorite entry

10. Previous notes: Why is location deemed so important right now?
I can tell i'm not in a specific location easily enough: if i watch the tiny symbols in the bottom left hand corner of my phone's screen, they're jumping about, turning from red to green to blue, displaying vertical bars of increasing length.
[...]
it knows that i'm moving, even though, whenever i look up, i see the same retail units: curry's, uci, tesco, morrisons, blockbuster...
the same location smeared all over the place.

Here we get to the significance of the name Pope has chosen for his blog: locative media. It's about locomotion as much as it is about location. I suspect Pope would refuse any hard and fast barrier between the two: part of a place is how you get there. I like his discussion of the differences between sedentary knowledge - the knowledge about places - and ambulatory knowledge - knowledge of the linkages between them. And I also like the way he jumps between the physical and the intangible, to see walking as hyperlink, and "location" as something that can be smeared like paint.

Helloworld

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The Helloworld Project is a global interactive text installation combining language, landscapes and communication technology to create a visual dialogue. From December 9-12, 2003, people from all over the world will be invited to send in messages, either by sending an SMS to a dedicated number or by going to www.helloworldproject.com.
-----
These messages will be projected almost instantly onto mountains and buildings in Mumbai, Geneva, Rio de Janeiro, New York. Video images of the projections will be broadcast live on the project website and at the World Summit on the Information Society in Geneva.

Ubicomp: Modelling and Inference

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Inferring High-Level Behavior from Low-Level Sensors (FULL PAPER)
Donald J. Patterson, Lin Liao, Dieter Fox, and Henry Kautz
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Of Washington

* On a Location Model for Fine-Grained Geocast (FULL PAPER)
Frank Dürr and Kurt Rothermel
Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems (IPVS), University of Stuttgart

I See You

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This is old news, but the Institute for Applied Autonomy's iSee mapping webapp, which generates surveillance-camera-free paths through New York, is useful and beautiful and I want their mapping code for New York for Fiasco. Plus, they have the only Flash intro that's not a waste of time that I've ever seen.

Geocoding via Geowanking

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This software detects street addresses (such as "2400 Bayshore Parkway,
Mountain View, CA 94043") in a corpus of text and converts them into
geographical coordinates (such as "122.09720 W, 37.42532 N"). These
coordinates are indexed in a two-dimensional index along with a conventional
keyword index of the corpus. A query processor is then able to rapidly
process queries which ask for documents which match certain keywords and/or
contain addresses within a certain radius of a specified target address.
(Think "bookstores near me".)

Sonny Parafina reminds me that the winner of Google's programming contest last year is this amazingly versatile and useful Google geocoding app by Dan Egnor. Details here. And download here.

via Geowanking, my new favorite list. Big signal, little noise.

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